Small colonies of the microscopic algae Karenia brevis (for the scientifically correct!) are found in the Gulf of Mexico 10 to 40 miles offshore.  The algae remain scattered throughout the Gulf of Mexico all year long, usually causing no problems. However, every now and then the algae population offshore blooms, causing the algae to multiply rapidly and spread. The expanding bloom stains the water a rusty color, causing the “red tide” name, although the water color can remain the same during a bloom. This is not a new phenomenon.  It has been documented as far back as the 1700’s in the southern portions of the Gulf and in the 1840’s along the Florida coast.  Even the Spanish explorers documented fish kills along Tampa Bay!

The algae release a toxic chemical called brevetoxins which can affect both marine life and humans.  The toxins are a chemical that affects the nervous system of fish and vertebrae and causes them to die.  Wave action breaks open Karenia Brevis cells releasing these toxins into the air causing respiratory irritation, coughing, sneezing and watery eyes. If you move away from the water, the symptoms will cease.  Persons with asthma, emphysema and severe or chronic respiratory ailments should avoid the red tide areas.

Swimming is safe for most people during the red tide although some people who have skin sensitivities may experience skin irritation. If you experience skin irritations shower immediately. Do not swim near dead fish as they can be associated with harmful bacteria.

The Florida Wildlife and Research Institute (FWRI) have a Red Tide Status line now available to callers throughout the state. FWRI updates the recording each Friday by 5 p.m. with additional information, if available, on Wednesday afternoons. Red Tide Status Line 866-300-9399 (toll free inside Florida only); 727-552-2448 (outside Florida).

Hopefully, the winds and tides will move the “red tide” back out to sea just as quickly as it moved it to our shores!